Dentist Ilija Karamanov: Dental prostheses - where and when they are installed

Photo: Private archive / Profimedia

As an opportunity to compensate for lost teeth, various types of implants made by different manufacturers are offered today. The dental implants themselves are actually artificial products, which are implanted in the jawbones, in the places where the natural tooth was previously extracted. In order for an implant to be implanted, several conditions must be met. The first and most important requirement is space.

There must be sufficient quality bone in the jawbones, both in width and depth, while paying attention to anatomical structures, such as the floor of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus, in the upper jaw, and the mandibular canal in the lower jaw. In that context, there are implants of different lengths and different diameters. We base the examinations for the available space on the basis of the clinical examination, panoramic X-ray and computed tomography. After the well-made analyses, the length and diameter of the implant to be installed is determined.

The general state of health of the patient is no less important. Chronic heart and respiratory diseases, some blood dyscrasias, diabetes and other diseases and conditions are contraindications for placing dental implants. In smokers, the chances of the body not accepting the implant are much higher than in non-smokers.

Dental implants are made of titanium, first of all, because of the biocompatibility of titanium with the human body. Their surface is usually granulated, all in order to ensure greater and better osseointegration of the implant and the bone. Implantation surgery is usually not a complicated process and takes no more than an hour. It is performed with local anesthesia and there is no need for hospitalization. The postoperative period often passes without any pain at all.

Implants can be one-piece or two-piece. Two-part implants consist of a primary part, which is embedded in the bone. After 3-6 months, the secondary part, i.e. the abutment, is added to it, and only then is the preparation of the superstructure started, which can be an individual crown, bridge or, again, a suitable type of prosthesis. The number of installed implants, as well as their arrangement, are determined by the size of the toothless space and the type of fabrication that should compensate for the lost teeth.

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