On this day - January 29

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1573.- Under the leadership of Matija Gubec, a peasant uprising broke out in Croatia against the unbearable living conditions imposed by the Austrian and Hungarian feudal lords. It was one of the largest peasant uprisings in Europe at the time. The uprising was bloodily suppressed, and Matija Gubec was executed in Zagreb on February 15, 1573. Croatian writer August Shenoa wrote the novel "Peasant Uprising" on that occasion.

1595.- Francis Drake, English pirate, navigator and admiral, the first Englishman to sail the world, died in London. His ventures were of great importance to English colonial expansion, especially in North America. He was born in 1540.

1635.- Richelieu founded the "French Academy" (later the Institute), while the French "Academy of Sciences" was founded by Louis XIV in 1666 at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert.

1676.- Fjordor III Romanov became Tsar of Russia after the death of Alexei, his father. He was on the throne until 1682, when he succeeded his half-brother Peter the Great. Due to the frequent illnesses of the minor Petar, the country was ruled by his uncles Miloslavski. During his reign, Russia consolidated power in the vast newly conquered territories of Povolozhye, Siberia, and Ukraine.

1688.- The Swedish mystic, philosopher and researcher Emanuel Svedenborg, author of the specific mystical-theosophical teaching, was born. Immanuel Kand wrote about his visions in the article "Dreams of a Clergyman". His works are widely read today. Works: "Opera philosophica et mineralia", "Arcana coesestica", "De nova Hierosolyma".

1782.- French composer Daniel Francois Espri Ober was born. Works: the operas "Fra Diavolo", "Black Domino", "The Prodigal Son".

1843.- American statesman William McKinley, who was president of the United States from 1897 to 1901, was born. It declared war on Spain in 1898 to oust the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba, beginning the era of open American imperialism. Together with European powers, he took part in the suppression of the anti-colonial uprising in China (from 1899 to 1901) known as the "Boxing Uprising" in order to impose a free trade regime and a smooth flow of American capital to China. He was assassinated in 1901.

1856.- The "Victorian Cross", Britain's highest military decoration, was established.

1860.- Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, a Russian novelist, short story writer and playwright, was born in Taganrog. He had a great influence on the development of novelism and drama literature in the world. In his novels he gave a number of features of Russian everyday life and a whole gallery of missed, unhappy and incomprehensible people. His most famous works are the plays "The Seagull", "Three Sisters", "Uncle Vanja" and "The Cherry Orchard", as well as the collections of short stories "The Man in the Case", "House on the Floor", "Peasants" and others. He died in Badenweiler, Germany on July 15, 1904.

1866.- Romain Rolland was born, a French short story writer, novelist, playwright, musicologist and fighter for peace and democracy. His works "Jean Christophe", "Cola Brennon", "The Enchanted Soul", "The Fourteenth of July", "Danton" are known, then the works about the lives of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy. In 1915 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature. He died on December 30, 1894.

1884.- Born Auguste Picard, a famous Swiss physicist. He studied radioactivity, atmospheric electricity, and spacecraft. He also explored the stratosphere and deep sea depths. He made his first flight into the stratosphere in 1931, reaching an altitude of 15.780 meters, and in 1932 16.370 meters. He descended to a depth of 4.000 meters with a bathyscaphe. He died in 1962.

1886.- Carl Benz showed his "horseless carriages". His motorized chariot marked the beginning of the automobile industry that soon conquered the world.

1896.- The American doctor Emil Grab was the first to use radiation therapy in the treatment of lung cancer, applying it in Chicago to the patient Rose Lee.

1899.- French painter Alfred Cisle, one of the founders of Impressionism, died. He painted only landscapes. He was especially attracted to the painting of rivers, expressing the effects of light the most.

1916.- In World War I, the Germans bombed Paris for the first time from a zeppelin.

1916.- The British Army first tested the tanks at Hatfield in England during World War I.

1941.- Greek general and statesman Ioannis Metaxas, who as prime minister and army minister in 1936 dissolved parliament and established a personal dictatorship, has died. He took part in the war against the Turks in 1897 and in the Balkan Wars in 1912 and 1913. In World War II in October 1940, he rejected the ulimatum from Italy, organizing a resolute resistance to Italian aggression.

1942.- The Soviet Union, Britain, and Iran agreed in World War II that British-Soviet forces would leave Iran six months after the end of the Axis war, and Tehran allowed Moscow and London unrestricted use, control, and maintenance of all communications, airports. and ports of Iranian territory.

1942.- Peru and Bolivia ended the war that began in 1941 with the signing of the Rio de Janeiro Protocol over the disputed border territories between the two countries and the Amazon jungle.

1949.- Britain recognized Israel.

1950.- The first series of riots in Johannesburg has begun, sparked by the racist policies of the South African government.

1950.- The Union of Philatelists of Macedonia was established in Skopje.

1963.- French President Charles de Gaulle has vetoed Britain's accession to the European Economic Community.

1963.- American writer Robert Lee Frost, four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, has died. Works: a collection of poems "North of Boston", "The Stream that flows to the West", "Collected Poems".

1964.- Panama has appealed to the Organization of American States over US aggression, seeking its sovereignty in the Panama Canal zone.

1973.- The session of the UN Security Council, the first session of this UN body on the African continent, started in Addis Ababa.

1989.- After seven years of misunderstanding and international arbitration, Israel has returned the Red Sea city of Taboo to Egypt. This city was held by Israel since the 1967 war, in which it defeated all Arab countries.

1992.- Ivan Dojchinov, a fighter in the Spanish Civil War, participant in the First Session of ASNOM, member of the General Staff of the National Liberation War of Macedonia and holder of the "Partisan Memorial 1941" died in Skopje.

1994.- Australian Ulrike Meyer, a two-time world champion in skiing, died from her injuries in the fall in the downhill competition for the World Cup.

1996.- The Venetian opera house La Fenice disappeared in a fire for the second time in its 204-year existence.

1999.- Todor Nikolovski, Macedonian drama and film actor, director, one of the founders of the modern Macedonian theater, died in Skopje. He was born in Veles, on January 16, 1902.

2005.- Israeli writer, satirist, screenwriter and director Ephraim Kishon has died. Works: "It's not fair Davide", "A little more truth", "Fox in the coop", "Home is the worst", "Apples are to blame for everything". Movies: "Salah Shabati", "Blaumilhov Canal".

2005.- Director and screenwriter Zivorad Zika Mitrovic died. Movies: "Dr. M's Echelon", "Captain Leshi", "March on the Drina", "Uzice Republic", "Miss Stone", "Signals over the City", "Thessaloniki Assassins", "Nevesinska Rifle", "Timochka revolt ".

2006.- South Korean artist Nam Joon Pike, a pioneer of video art in the XNUMXs, has died.

2012.- Former Italian President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro has died at the age of 93. Scalfaro served as President of Italy from 1992 to 1999. Scalfaro was born in 1918 and entered politics in 1946, when he was elected to parliament. He was one of the few politicians in Italy to hold all three of the country's top positions: head of state, president of the Senate and speaker of the lower house of parliament. Scalfaro also served as interior minister in the 80s.

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