- World Holocaust Day

1814.- Johann Gottlieb Fichte, a German philosopher and one of the leading figures in German classical idealism, died in Berlin. Among the works known to him are "The Science of Knowledge", "The Basis of the Complete Theory of Science" and "The Basis of Natural Law". He was born on May 19, 1762.

1822.- At the assembly in Epidaurus, the Greek rebels declared the independence of Greece, which was recognized by the Ottoman Empire only in 1829, after fierce battles and interventions by European powers.

1832.- The German philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling was born, who together with Kant, Fichte and Hegel were the creators of German idealism. Works: "Ideas for the Philosophy of Nature", "For the World Soul", "The First Draft of the System of Natural Philosophy", "Lectures on the Philosophy of Art", "Exposition of My System of Philosophy", "Philosophy and Religion", "Philosophy of mythology "and others.

1859.- German Emperor and King of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm II Victor Albert was born, the creator of the policy of penetration in the east and the cause of a series of military-diplomatic crises, including the declaration of war against Serbia in 1914, which led to the inevitable World War. He ascended the throne of the German Empire in 1888, and in 1918, after the defeat of Germany, was forced to abdicate and flee to the Netherlands, which refused to extradite him to the Allies for a war crimes trial.

1865.- Spain recognized Peru's independence.

1885.- American composer Jerry Kern, the father of the musical, was born. His operetta "Floating Theater" is one of the most beautiful in the history of American theater. He also composed film music.

1901.- Giuseppe Verdi, an Italian composer and one of the greatest opera composers of the 19th century, died in Milan. Taking for himself libretto works by great writers (Hugo, Shakespeare, Byron and others), he composed several operas that brought him worldwide fame. His best operas "Aida", "Rigoletto", "Troubadour", "La Traviata" and others are still in the repertoires of opera houses around the world. He was born in Roncole on October 10, 1813.

1919.- Hungarian writer Endre Adi has died. Works: "New Songs", "Blood and Gold", "I Would Like to Be Loved", "Who Saw Me?", "At the Head of the Dead".

1924.- The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in Rome signed a pact of friendship and cooperation with Italy and by agreement Fiume (Rijeka) belonged to Italy.

1926.- English inventor John Logie Byrd demonstrated television in public for the first time in London.

1944.- After two days of heavy fighting, the German blockade of Leningrad was broken. What Leningrad endured is unique in history, because in the July days of 1941 there were about three million citizens in the German ring, half of whom were children.

1945.- The Red Army liberated Auschwitz, the largest and most horrific camp in World War II. About 7.000 prisoners remained in the camp, whom the Germans did not manage to execute in a hurry. At least 1.500.000 people, mostly Jews, were killed in Auschwitz gas chambers.

1949.- The first ballet performance "Walpurgis Night" by French composer Charles Gounod was performed at the Macedonian National Theater in Skopje. The choreographer was Gjorgji Makedonski, the conductor was Trajko Prokopiev, the set designer was Vasilie Popovic Cico, and the costume design was by Milica Babic-Jovanovic.

1964.- France has established diplomatic relations with China.

1967.- Preparing for a flight to the moon, three American astronauts were killed in the Apollo 1 spacecraft, in which a fire broke out.

1967.- The Soviet Union, the United States and 60 other countries have signed an agreement banning nuclear experiments in the stratosphere.

1991.- The US Air Force launched a massive bombardment of Basra, Iraq's second-largest city, in the Gulf War.

1991.- The Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia elected Kiro Gligorov President of the Republic by secret ballot and by a majority vote.

1993.- In the village of Bistrica, Bitola, died Blagoja Fotev, participant in the First Session of ASNOM, First Commissioner for Finance and then for Agriculture in the Government of the People's Republic of Macedonia, and from 1947 to 1950 President of the Presidium of the National Assembly of the People's Republic of Macedonia this function before him was Metodija Andonov - Cento). He was a fighter for the ideas of VMRO (united) and an active popularizer and interpreter of the ideas of the MANAPO movement. He was born in the village of German, Lerin region, on August 14, 1900.

1995.- The Republic of Moldova and the Republic of Macedonia have established diplomatic relations.

1995.- Liljana Beleva, a Macedonian writer, died in Skopje. The works "My Piece of Earth", "The Yellow Amphora" and "Pillow of Roses" are well known. She was born in Zajecar, on March 23, 1940.

2002.- An explosion at a weapons depot in the Nigerian capital, Lagos, has killed more than a thousand people.

2006.- German politician Johannes Rau, former German president and longtime minister and president of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, has died.

2008.- Former Indonesian President Suharto has died. General Suharto, whom sympathizers called the "father of development", remained at the helm of the country for 32 years. On the other hand, he was accused of brutality against dissidents, as well as corruption and abuse. He was ousted on May 21, 1998, amid the economic crisis and mass protests in Jakarta.

2017.- Prof. died. Dr. Liljana Todorova, former Dean of the Faculty of Philology, where she taught French, Francophone and comparative literature, prominent Macedonian novelist, literary comparator, theorist and diplomat. Todorova received her doctorate in 1971 on Xavier Marmier and the South Slavs, who was awarded the Laureate of the Academy of Sciences and Arts by Besanson and François-Conte in France. Prof. Dr. Liljana Todorova was the first female ambassador from Macedonia who in the period 1986-1990 served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the SFRY to the Republic of Guinea, the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. She was awarded the Yugoslav Order of Labor with a gold wreath by the President of the SFRY (1979) as well as the high French orders: Knight of the Legion of Honor by the President of France (1983); Commander of the Academic Palms of the French Government (1984). As an extremely creative person, prof. Dr. Liljana Todorova has been registered in the General Encyclopedia of Education since 1986. as well as in the encyclopedia of Women Creators in the World published under the auspices of UNESCO in 2013.